This choice depends on the working surface and external conditions. Generally, on non-absorbent surfaces, which are hard to dampen, and when the external conditions are not ideal (wind, high temperatures, etc), it is best to use a fast acting binder (natural hydraulic lime). The use of a non-hydraulic binder helps to conserve lime washes. This is all the more interesting when used for large surfaces. The samples which are presented have been realized with air-slaked lime in powdered form(C.L.).

A badigeon (1 volume of lime for 2 to 3 volumes of water) allows you to hide defects on the working surface and will provide a smoother finished appearance.

It is possible to color a badigeon with mineral pigments. The quantity of pigment to be used is defined by the volume of lime.

For badigeons, the maximum percentage of pigment is 25% of the weight of the lime for earth pigments and 15% for oxide pigments.

A lime wash (1 volume of lime for 5 to 6 volumes of water) provides a more watery, transparent finish.

Compared to a badigeon, it is possible to use a higher percentage of pigments: up to 65% of the weight of the lime for earth pigments and 35% for oxide pigments.

Using too much pigment in a lime wash can make it powdery, meaning that it will have a tendency to brush off. To avoid this, the mixture should be stabilized with an additional binder (acrylic, vinyl). It is best to use an additive if there is more than 20% of earth pigments or 10% of oxides.

A weight of 5 to 10% of resin extract additive to the volume of lime wash should be used. Adding resins does tend to reduce the permeability of lime washes.

Samples of lime wash have been made with an aqueous dispersion type resin.

Natural pigments: yellow and red ochre; natural and burnt sienna; natural and burnt umber. These pigments have been used since the dawn of history.

Artificial pigments: yellow, red, blue and green oxides. These have been manufactured since the 19th century.

These mineral pigments are all compatible with lime and may also be mixed with each other.